Month: February 2026
lqr controller for purely magnetic actuation of 3u cubesat
im designing a lqr controller for a time variant system for purely magnetic actuation. i am using an algorithm where we use hamiltonian and the symplectic property(schur decomposition) to find out the solution of the algebraic riccati equation P. I need help to implement this in matlab/simulink.im designing a lqr controller for a time variant system for purely magnetic actuation. i am using an algorithm where we use hamiltonian and the symplectic property(schur decomposition) to find out the solution of the algebraic riccati equation P. I need help to implement this in matlab/simulink. im designing a lqr controller for a time variant system for purely magnetic actuation. i am using an algorithm where we use hamiltonian and the symplectic property(schur decomposition) to find out the solution of the algebraic riccati equation P. I need help to implement this in matlab/simulink. control_systems, lqr_design MATLAB Answers — New Questions
Up Chirp and Down Chirp Generation in a Single plot
I am trying to generate a chirp signal with both up chirp and down chirp for one of my project, upchirp – which has start frequency of 57 GHz and Bandwidth of 150MHz then after 2microseconds and again have to generate down chirp with the same bandwidth and frequencyI am trying to generate a chirp signal with both up chirp and down chirp for one of my project, upchirp – which has start frequency of 57 GHz and Bandwidth of 150MHz then after 2microseconds and again have to generate down chirp with the same bandwidth and frequency I am trying to generate a chirp signal with both up chirp and down chirp for one of my project, upchirp – which has start frequency of 57 GHz and Bandwidth of 150MHz then after 2microseconds and again have to generate down chirp with the same bandwidth and frequency fmcw, radar, fft MATLAB Answers — New Questions
Matlab slows down when the window is minimized
Hi everyone,
I’m running some heavy code and found that when I reduce the Matlab window, the code execution significantly slows down. How can I address this issue? I’ve already tried using the task manager to give Matlab a higher priority, but it didn’t work. Thank you in advance.Hi everyone,
I’m running some heavy code and found that when I reduce the Matlab window, the code execution significantly slows down. How can I address this issue? I’ve already tried using the task manager to give Matlab a higher priority, but it didn’t work. Thank you in advance. Hi everyone,
I’m running some heavy code and found that when I reduce the Matlab window, the code execution significantly slows down. How can I address this issue? I’ve already tried using the task manager to give Matlab a higher priority, but it didn’t work. Thank you in advance. speed, code execution slows down MATLAB Answers — New Questions
Microsoft Takes Aim at ChatGPT
Comparing Microsoft 365 Copilot and ChatGPT Enterprise
Given the surprisingly small number of paid Microsoft 365 Copilot seats (15 million) revealed by Microsoft in their FY26 Q2 results, it is unsurprising that Microsoft should start to compete more openly with OpenAI, especially for Microsoft 365 tenants. The latest initiative is a comparison between Microsoft 365 Copilot and ChatGPT Enterprise with the tagline that “not all AI is built for work.”
OpenAI has tools to allow customers to connect SharePoint Online and OneDrive for Business to ChatGPT. The temptation therefore exists for customers to conclude that something like OpenAI’s SharePoint connector is all that’s needed to leverage AI within a Microsoft 365 tenant.
Quite rightly, Microsoft disagrees, and they prove their point by describing some important areas where ChatGPT can’t deliver what Copilot can. Let’s examine what Microsoft says.
Teams Meetings
Microsoft says that Copilot “reasons over Teams meetings.” Well, Copilot reasons over the transcript generated by Teams meetings (even if the transcript is not retained after the meeting) to generate outputs like summaries and action items. The processing of Teams transcripts is a good example of how AI can effectively process a bounded set of information to generate value.
Because it’s dependent on the accuracy of the transcript, Copilot doesn’t get everything right in its summaries but overall, it does a good job. It’s worth noting that the Facilitator agent does much the same job of creating summaries and noting important points for Teams chats.
If you don’t want to use Microsoft 365 Copilot with Teams, a set of third-party notetaking apps exist that can connect to the audio stream of Teams meetings to generate their version of transcripts and summaries.
Entra ID
Microsoft says that Copilot “knows your organization.” If the organizational reporting structure is recorded accurately in Entra ID, Copilot can use that structure to understand how individuals are connected within the organization. Copilot maps the organizational information into the semantic index to enhance its search capabilities.
The organizational data available in Entra ID is available through the Microsoft Graph, and it wouldn’t take much for OpenAI to include some code to retrieve the information and use that knowledge to create something like the Org Explorer. This isn’t the same as the semantic index, but the basics are there. The challenge for OpenAI would then be how to maintain an accurate picture of Entra ID structures for its enterprise customers.
Sensitivity Labels and Encrypted Files
Microsoft says that Copilot “enforces sensitivity labels” to keep “sensitive data protected.” It’s true that ChatGPT cannot process files protected by sensitivity labels (with encryption) because ChatGPT has no ability to open those files. Sensitivity labels use Azure Rights Management as the basis for its protection, and ChatGPT has no way to prove that it has the right to open protected files on behalf of a user with rights.
Microsoft 365 Copilot depends on the DLP policy for Copilot to tell it not to process certain emails and files protected by sensitivity labels. Proving that bugs can undermine any software, a recent bug allowed Copilot to process sensitive emails and include their content in its responses.
Microsoft doesn’t mention Restricted Content Delivery (RCD), an incredibly important feature that stops Copilot using content from complete SharePoint Online sites. The OpenAI connector simply uploads SharePoint files to process and doesn’t comply with RCD blocks.
SharePoint Pages
Microsoft notes that ChatGPT can’t process SharePoint pages. Because Copilot can process any information available to it via Microsoft Search, it can process SharePoint pages like news posts.
But Wait, There’s More
I guess Microsoft could have also pointed to its nascent agent ecosystem (aka Agent 365) and all that’s implied by that initiative, the addition of the Anthropic models, agents like Researcher, automatic summaries for Word documents, and so on.
The point here is that Microsoft 365 Copilot leverages much more of the information stored in Microsoft 365 workloads than ChatGPT can get to. Whether that’s worth the $360/year (list) per user is a decision that individual companies must make.
So much change, all the time. It’s a challenge to stay abreast of all the updates Microsoft makes across the Microsoft 365 ecosystem. Subscribe to the Office 365 for IT Pros eBook to receive insights updated monthly into what happens within Microsoft 365, why it happens, and what new features and capabilities mean for your tenant.
A milestone achievement in our journey to carbon negative
In 2020, Microsoft announced a moonshot commitment to become carbon negative by 2030 — accelerating work across our company to advance the partnerships and technologies needed to advance sustainability for our businesses, our customers and the world. A key milestone on this journey was our aim to match 100% of our annual global electricity consumption with renewable energy(1) by 2025. Today, we are pleased to share that Microsoft has achieved this milestone(2). This progress helps drive investment into the power systems where we operate, expand clean energy supply and advance broader energy innovation.
Over a decade of investment: 40 gigawatts of new renewable energy contracted
What began in 2013 with a single 110 megawatt (MW) power purchase agreement (PPA) in Texas — a small first step to demonstrate how corporate procurement could scale clean energy(3) — has evolved into one of the largest clean energy portfolios in the world. This first deal not only supported Microsoft’s early cloud services but also set in motion a decade of commercial partnerships and learning-by-doing that served to demonstrate how corporate demand for advanced energy solutions can help to achieve a more affordable and sustainable power system, while supporting reliability for customers.
Since our carbon negative announcement in 2020, we have contracted 40 gigawatts (GW) of new renewable energy supply across 26 countries, working with more than 95 utilities and developers across 400+ contracts and counting. To put that amount in perspective — that’s enough energy to power about 10 million US homes. Of that contracted volume, 19 GW are now online, delivering new clean energy supply to the power grid, while the remainder are slated to come online over the next five years.
Our new renewable energy procurement continues to deliver significant environmental benefits, including the reduction of Microsoft’s reported Scope 2 carbon dioxide emissions by an estimated 25 million tons(4) and the mobilization of billions of dollars’ worth of private investment in regions where we operate.
Catalyzing market investment through bankable, repeatable models
Microsoft is among the early pioneers in developing technical and commercial practices that help advance bankable, repeatable and scalable procurement tools suitable for each market. Our clean energy purchasing navigates a global patchwork of power market designs, requiring creativity in how we balance cost, time to market and project sizing in our portfolio across planning, contracting and management.
Our work has benefited from a broad coalition of partners helping to build this market together. According to Bloomberg New Energy Finance, more than 200 global corporations collectively purchased nearly 200 GW of clean energy around the world since 2008. Working alongside other clean energy buyers — as well as hundreds of utilities, manufacturers, financiers, developers and engineers — we have helped reduce transaction costs, expand developer access to financing and streamline procurement approaches that other buyers can adopt.
This global flywheel of partnership, investment, technology and policy innovation is expected to continue to facilitate billions of dollars’ worth of investment into infrastructure and jobs. And as we’ve seen repeatedly, when Microsoft sends a clear market signal for world-class, first-of-a-kind technologies and infrastructure, the power sector rises to the challenge. Our procurement over the past decade has demonstrated that partnerships, communities and innovation are essential ingredients that help to accelerate first-of-a-kind technologies and infrastructure at scale.
Scaling partnerships to scale infrastructure
Critical to Microsoft’s success in expanding digital infrastructure and supporting our local communities is our ability to build trusted partnerships with the over 95 global energy suppliers that support our clean energy portfolio. We have sourced clean energy through multiple requests for proposal or information, bilateral engagements and clean tariffs to evaluate over 5,000 unique carbon-free energy projects around the world.
Today, Microsoft has six energy company partners with which we have over 1 GW of contracted renewable energy capacity, and more than 20 energy supplier partners where each partner has at least five separate renewable energy projects with Microsoft — evidence of the durable, repeatable relationships necessary to scale clean energy. Combining scale with speed, Microsoft’s landmark 10.5 GW framework agreement with Brookfield sends a long-term, 2030 demand signal to the market that enables developers to raise funding more efficiently, bolster supply chains, hire engineers and construct world-class energy infrastructure.
Putting communities first
Our renewable energy procurement has mobilized billions of dollars in private investment, supported thousands of jobs across the communities where we operate and delivered meaningful co-benefits. Through partnerships with developers and nonprofit organizations, we’ve worked to embed community-driven benefits into our energy portfolio. These benefits include robust infrastructure, economic inclusion and support for community-focused organizations.
Our support for communities shows up in projects like our 500 MW PPA with Sol Systems, or our 250 MW PPA with Volt Energy Utility that provided local training and jobs, as well as grants to community nonprofit organizations and habitat restoration. We’ve also signed over 1.5 GW of distributed solar, bringing clean energy directly into hundreds of communities around the world. Landmark agreements like our 500 MW offtake with Pivot Energy, or our 270 MW offtake with PowerTrust are expected to foster employment, energy cost savings and grid resilience in communities across the United States, Mexico and Brazil. More details on the above examples and our approach to community benefits in clean energy agreements can be found in a dedicated Microsoft whitepaper.
Innovation unlocks new markets and pathways
Microsoft’s clean energy procurement continues to play an important role in catalyzing technical, commercial and regulatory innovation. Our commercial efforts have helped lower barriers to entry into new markets and expand access into multi-technology contracts that accelerate decarbonization.
In Japan, Microsoft signed one of the first corporate PPAs in the country’s restructured power market. Our 25 MW, 20-year agreement with Shizen represents the first single-asset virtual PPA executed in the country, which helped pave the way to over 2GWs of corporate procurement since 2024, according to Bloomberg New Energy Finance. Alongside opening new markets, we have structured several multi-technology offtakes in nascent markets for corporate procurement. In India, Microsoft purchased a combined 437 MW solar/wind hybrid offtake from Renew, where our projects will support energy access and rural electrification. In Microsoft’s home state of Washington, our datacenters in Douglas County are supplied by 100% carbon-free energy, as we leverage a creative blend of new wind power and hydropower storage to deliver around-the-clock clean energy.
Looking forward to 2030 and beyond
In 2025, the International Energy Agency (IEA) described a new “Age of Electricity,” marked by accelerating electricity demand from electric vehicles, air conditioners, data centers and heat pumps. As the world electrifies more of the economy, the demand for affordable, reliable and clean electricity will continue to rise.
Our experience building Microsoft’s clean energy portfolio both reflects and furthers global trends. According to IEA data, since 2000, renewable energy generation has expanded nearly four-fold. In many power markets across the world, clean energy is one of the fast-growing sources of generation, and often the one with the fastest time-to-market. Corporate buyers like Microsoft continue to serve as an important catalyst in driving commercial demand for innovation and infrastructure across the power industry.
As we continue our journey toward becoming carbon negative by 2030, Microsoft will continue to push for an expansive focus on adding all forms of carbon-free electricity solutions, complementing and adding to our portfolio of renewable energy resources. We recognize that the world’s rising electricity needs require a balanced, all-of-the-above decarbonization strategy to meet global economic growth and environmental goals, and our sustainability goals will continue to support this approach moving forward. Such a strategy requires a broader set of carbon-free energy and grid-enabling technologies, including nuclear energy, next-generation grid infrastructure and carbon capture technology. Just as renewable energy was a relatively small part of global energy grids in 2013 when we signed our first PPA, today many advanced energy technologies remain early in their development but offer significant promise to accelerate progress towards an affordable, reliable and sustainable energy future.
Microsoft has already taken early steps to support the advancement of a broader set of carbon-free energy technologies as we partner with Helion and Constellation Energy on a 50 MW fusion project in Washington state and work with Constellation to restart the 835 MW Crane Clean Energy Center in Pennsylvania. Microsoft’s Climate Innovation Fund has allocated $806 million of capital to 67 investees, with 38% directed toward Energy Systems — advancing carbon-free power and fuels, energy storage and energy management solutions.
We welcome continued collaboration with our power sector partners to bring these innovations to market and incorporate new technology tools in the process to accelerate their development.
We will continue to build and leverage new AI-driven tools to design, permit and deploy new power technologies that help expand and more efficiently operate the electricity grid, bringing more clean energy online faster. This work is exemplified by our recently announced collaborations with Idaho National Laboratory and the Midcontinental System Operator, among other examples.
And as we advance innovative energy technologies, we recognize that standards must evolve alongside innovation. That is why we will continue participating in industry forums that strengthen carbon accounting frameworks — so that our clean energy procurement is measured with greater accuracy and delivers real world emissions reductions, with a continued focus on maintaining the high level of integrity that the world has come to expect from Microsoft.
Our carbon negative commitment remains a call to action — for Microsoft, our customers and the broader technology sector — to invest in an affordable, reliable and sustainable power system. As we look toward 2030, that call to action has never been clearer.
Gratitude — and momentum for the work ahead
Today’s milestone represents a shared achievement among the utility professionals, clean energy developers, community leaders, technology innovators and forward-thinking policymakers who continue the deployment of renewable energy. Meeting today’s milestone shows what partnership can deliver in bringing big ideas to life. The future of carbon-free energy is one that we will create – together.
As Microsoft’s Chief Sustainability Officer, Melanie Nakagawa leads the company’s targets to be carbon negative, water positive, and zero waste by 2030. She brings deep experience at the intersection of policy, business, and technology to advance climate and sustainability solutions globally.
As President of Cloud Operations + Innovation at Microsoft, Noelle Walsh leads the organization that powers the global Microsoft Cloud. She oversees the company’s physical cloud infrastructure and operations, with a charter focused on safety, security, availability, sustainability, and competitive infrastructure growth—bringing decades of global operational leadership.
Footnotes
- Renewable energy is defined within Microsoft’s fact sheet https://aka.ms/SustainabilityFactsheet2025, which represents FY24 data.
- To date, Microsoft’s renewable energy target includes two primary categories: renewable energy from contracted projects and grid mix. The first is renewable energy delivered under PPAs or similar long-term contracting mechanisms, generally for new projects where our financial involvement in the project’s development is critical for its success. This category represents more than 90% of the renewable energy applied to achieve our 2025 target.The second category is “grid mix” – renewable energy supported via our standard utility relationships and rates, inclusive of policy programs such as renewable portfolio standards and state and utility decarbonization goals.Our 2025 100% renewable target does not include purchases from short-term, so-called “spot market” renewable energy credits (RECs) sourced from operational clean energy projects.With the above in mind, Microsoft leverages a straightforward formula to determine our 100% renewable energy metric on a global, annual basis. We update and further detail the methodology and assumptions behind this formula in our annual sustainability reports:
- Clean energy— also referred to in this blog as carbon free energy —is defined within Microsoft’s fact sheet https://aka.ms/SustainabilityFactsheet2025, which represents FY24 data.
- Reduction of reported Scope 2 emissions are calculated between FY20-25, the cumulative difference between location based and market-based emissions, excluding the use of short-term, so-called “spot market” RECs
The post A milestone achievement in our journey to carbon negative appeared first on The Official Microsoft Blog.
In 2020, Microsoft announced a moonshot commitment to become carbon negative by 2030 — accelerating work across our company to advance the partnerships and technologies needed to advance sustainability for our businesses, our customers and the world. A key milestone on this journey was our aim to match 100% of our annual global electricity consumption…
The post A milestone achievement in our journey to carbon negative appeared first on The Official Microsoft Blog.
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How can I test my EtherCAT network outside of Simulink Real-Time (SLRT) to verify my EtherCAT configuration is okay?
I am using Simulink Real-Time with a Speedgoat target as my main device for my EtherCAT network. I have used Beckhoff’s TwinCAT3 to configure my ENI file that I plan to use.
I may also be having an issue with my subdevices not responding to commands or my EtherCAT network not getting to OP state, and I suspect my ENI configuration file may have issues.
How can I test this configuration?I am using Simulink Real-Time with a Speedgoat target as my main device for my EtherCAT network. I have used Beckhoff’s TwinCAT3 to configure my ENI file that I plan to use.
I may also be having an issue with my subdevices not responding to commands or my EtherCAT network not getting to OP state, and I suspect my ENI configuration file may have issues.
How can I test this configuration? I am using Simulink Real-Time with a Speedgoat target as my main device for my EtherCAT network. I have used Beckhoff’s TwinCAT3 to configure my ENI file that I plan to use.
I may also be having an issue with my subdevices not responding to commands or my EtherCAT network not getting to OP state, and I suspect my ENI configuration file may have issues.
How can I test this configuration? ethercat, validation, slrt MATLAB Answers — New Questions
Matlab crashing after the launching for few munites
I’m using the MATLAB2025b version and I got this feedback after crashing: Unable to communicate with required MathWorks services (error 5201).
For help with this issue, contact support:
https://www.mathworks.com/support/contact_us.html
Unable to launch MVM server: License Error: Licensing shutdownI’m using the MATLAB2025b version and I got this feedback after crashing: Unable to communicate with required MathWorks services (error 5201).
For help with this issue, contact support:
https://www.mathworks.com/support/contact_us.html
Unable to launch MVM server: License Error: Licensing shutdown I’m using the MATLAB2025b version and I got this feedback after crashing: Unable to communicate with required MathWorks services (error 5201).
For help with this issue, contact support:
https://www.mathworks.com/support/contact_us.html
Unable to launch MVM server: License Error: Licensing shutdown stop working or crash MATLAB Answers — New Questions
Damping constant in General flexible Beam
Hi.
I’m using the General flexible Beam model given in Simscape Multibody. In which you can define the "Damping constant (beta)" in s.
My problem is that I don’t know a damping coeffizient with seconds as the unit. I want to implement results from real life experiments out of which I calculated the logarithmic decrement in s^-1.
So my main question is, what kind of damping coefficient is used in the simscape model as I want to implement my test results?
Thanks and best regardsHi.
I’m using the General flexible Beam model given in Simscape Multibody. In which you can define the "Damping constant (beta)" in s.
My problem is that I don’t know a damping coeffizient with seconds as the unit. I want to implement results from real life experiments out of which I calculated the logarithmic decrement in s^-1.
So my main question is, what kind of damping coefficient is used in the simscape model as I want to implement my test results?
Thanks and best regards Hi.
I’m using the General flexible Beam model given in Simscape Multibody. In which you can define the "Damping constant (beta)" in s.
My problem is that I don’t know a damping coeffizient with seconds as the unit. I want to implement results from real life experiments out of which I calculated the logarithmic decrement in s^-1.
So my main question is, what kind of damping coefficient is used in the simscape model as I want to implement my test results?
Thanks and best regards simscape multibody, damping MATLAB Answers — New Questions
How to show Robotics System Toolbox (RigidBodyTree) visualization with App Designer?
How to show MATLAB Robotics System Toolbox (RigidBodyTree) visualization with App Designer?
Uiaxes does not support the robotics.RigidBodyTree.show right now, are there any other options?
This is the mentioned property:
https://www.mathworks.com/help/robotics/ref/rigidbodytree.show.htmlHow to show MATLAB Robotics System Toolbox (RigidBodyTree) visualization with App Designer?
Uiaxes does not support the robotics.RigidBodyTree.show right now, are there any other options?
This is the mentioned property:
https://www.mathworks.com/help/robotics/ref/rigidbodytree.show.html How to show MATLAB Robotics System Toolbox (RigidBodyTree) visualization with App Designer?
Uiaxes does not support the robotics.RigidBodyTree.show right now, are there any other options?
This is the mentioned property:
https://www.mathworks.com/help/robotics/ref/rigidbodytree.show.html app, rigidbodytree MATLAB Answers — New Questions
Using Dev Proxy with the Microsoft Graph PowerShell SDK
Use Dev Proxy to Detect Common Problems in SDK Scripts
Dev Proxy is a Microsoft API simulator to help developers test cloud applications. That doesn’t sound very interesting to Microsoft 365 tenant administrators, but after reading a series of LinkedIn posts by Waldek Mastykarz (who has the splendid title of “AI Coding Agents Advocate at Microsoft), I decided to have a look at what Dev Proxy does.
In his posts (here’s an example), Waldek explains how Dev Proxy helps with issues like excessive permissions, poor use of select to minimize data fetched by Graph requests, and improper pagination. Although the Microsoft Graph PowerShell SDK takes care of a lot of Graph housekeeping, permissions and performance are problems faced by people who write PowerShell scripts based on SDK cmdlets.
Getting Dev Proxy Installed on a PC
The Dev Proxy documentation explains how to install the proxy using WinGet. I recommend that you also install the Dev Proxy Toolkit extension for Visual Studio Code because it makes it easier to edit the JSON configuration files used by the proxy. Of course, you can edit the JSON files with Notepad, but Visual Studio Code is the smarter option.
Plugins, Configuration Files, and the Graph
Dev Proxy uses a plugin architecture. The plugins are defined in configuration files, and each plugin instructs the proxy about some form of behavior to monitor. From the perspective of the Microsoft Graph PowerShell SDK, we’re interested in plugins like GraphMinimalPermissionsGuidance, to observe the permissions available to an application and report whether the application is overly-permissioned, and GraphSelectGuidance, which checks the properties for each item fetched by Graph requests to highlight when performance can be improved by retrieving a smaller set of properties.
Dev Proxy comes with a set of standard configuration files. Microsoft recommends that you create your own configuration file instead of editing the standard files. If Dev Proxy finds a file called devproxyrc.json in the directory where you’re running the proxy from, it will use that, but you can create and use whatever configuration file you like. Microsoft recommends that you create files used with Dev Proxy in a separate folder.
For our purposes, the m365.json file at %localAppData%ProgramsDev ProxyConfig is a good starting point for a configuration file to test Microsoft 365 scripts. I copied portions of the m365 file over to my custom devproxyrc.json to get a configuration I was happy with. Figure 1 shows the file being edited with Visual Studio Code.
Monitoring Scripts with Dev Proxy
After tweaking the configuration file, we’re ready to monitor Graph requests. In a PowerShell session, type:
devproxy --record
Alternatively, put a record:true instruction in your Dev Proxy configuration file to have the proxy start up in record mode each time.
The proxy reads the configuration file to know what it should monitor and begins listening. As Graph requests are made by Microsoft Graph PowerShell SDK cmdlets or other applications, the proxy examines what happens and reports what it finds. I found it amusing that any time Outlook (classic) opens a message, it issues a Graph request to fetch the photo for the sender (Figure 2).
Pagination is not usually an issue for Microsoft Graph PowerShell SDK scripts. Most cmdlets that fetch information support an All parameter to instruct the Graph to return all available data. The cmdlet then takes care of processing nextlink URLs until it has retrieved all records. However, there are exceptions to the rule and Figure 3 shows an example. In this case, the script is fetching Exchange Online message trace data (see this article). The original call to the messageTraces endpoint is visible as is the call to fetch the next page of message trace results.
You can see that the Graph request created by the cmdlet is shown by Dev Proxy rather than the cmdlet. This is similar behavior to how the Debug parameter works when running Microsoft Graph PowerShell SDK cmdlets.
Restricting Properties with Select
An example of detecting when request performance could be improved by including Select to specify the properties of items to be fetched is shown in Figure 4. The top request is generated by Get-MgUser. The second is Get-MgUser with a -Select qualifier. Restricting the number of properties retrieved by requests won’t make much difference in small tenants. It will once you deal with thousands of objects.
The proxy generates the “skip” messages shown in these figures when a plugin doesn’t process a request for some reason (such as the beta plugin receiving a V1.0 request). To suppress the skip messages, make sure that the showSkipMessages instruction is set to false in your configuration file.
The Permissions Conundrum
Good security mandates that Microsoft Graph -based applicationss should use least-permission access. In other words, applications should be granted consent for the lowest possible level of permission required to do a job. It’s common to find that developers seek higher levels of permission “just in case,” through lack of knowledge, or because it’s hard to figure out the exact permissions. For instance, many do not know that the User.ReadBasic.All permission is available if an application only needs access to user properties like the display name and user principal name. In these circumstances, the higher User.Read.All permission is not required.
Dev Proxy observes the Graph requests made by an application and works out the permissions required to make those requests. At the end of a recording session, Dev Proxy reports the permissions held by an application that have not been used. If the application has fully exercised its functionality, the application doesn’t need the highlighted permissions and they can be removed.
Permission monitoring happens for app-only and interactive Graph SDK sessions. One of the characteristics of the Microsoft Graph Command Line Tools enterprise application, used to run interactive Graph sessions, is its propensity to accrue permissions over time. This isn’t a new issue. I first wrote about it in September 2021. The net effect is that interactive sessions usually have access to a bunch of delegated permissions. Figure 5 shows the report generated by Dev Proxy when it compared the permissions used in a session with those held by the application.
Of course, this is an outrageous example to prove the point. Applications should be checked to validate the permissions that they hold. Tenants should conduct regular reviews of permission assignments to ensure that standards hold, but developers should also check their permissions before launching their applications on the unwary.
The Connect Issue
One odd thing that I discovered is that I couldn’t run Connect-MgGraph in a PowerShell session when Dev Proxy was actively monitoring. All attempts failed with the message:
Connect-MgGraph: InteractiveBrowserCredential authentication failed:
However, if I stopped the proxy, I could run Connect-MgGraph, issue some commands to make sure that everything worked, and then restart the proxy in record mode. Odd.
Some Value for PowerShell Developers
Dev Proxy is a more useful to developers who build traditional applications than those who develop PowerShell scripts based on the Microsoft Graph PowerShell SDK. Even so, people do experience difficulties figuring out permissions and other issues with scripts based on the Microsoft Graph and any help is welcome. Dev Proxy is something that should be considered, if only for help to settle on the lowest possible permissions for any task.
Need help to write and manage PowerShell scripts for Microsoft 365, including Azure Automation runbooks? Get a copy of the Automating Microsoft 365 with PowerShell eBook, available standalone or as part of the Office 365 for IT Pros eBook bundle.
Why do I receive Licence Manager Error-8 ?
I enter the licence key during installation.When I enter the applicatiıon after the isntallation is complete I am receiving the following error code.I enter the licence key during installation.When I enter the applicatiıon after the isntallation is complete I am receiving the following error code. I enter the licence key during installation.When I enter the applicatiıon after the isntallation is complete I am receiving the following error code. matlab 913_r2022b_win64 MATLAB Answers — New Questions
Problem replicating the Venturi effect (pressure rise from small area to large area) with Simscape Gas
I’m trying to create a minimal model in Simscape to replicate the Venturi effect in a Simscape Gas model: Gas is flowing from point A to point B, and the cross-sectional area of the duct at point A is smaller than B; as a result, the static pressure at A must be lower than B (assuming negligible energy loss from A to B).
I tried two different setups to replicate this. First, I used a "Local Restriction (G)" block (with a fixed restriction area), which has this orifice structure built in. The flow is provided by a Flow Rate Source block, and I added a Flow Resistance block downstream to allow the pressure at the port B of the Local Restriction to vary. Here is a screenshot of the model:
I expect that at least for some combination of restriction area and flow rate, the pressure at the restriction, p_R, must be lower than port B. I tried running the simulation with different values of flow rate and restriction area, but p_R was always higher than pressure at B.
Next, I used two consecutive Pipe (G) elements: the first one with a smaller surface area and hydraulic diameter, and the second with larger values for both. The rest of the setup is similar:
Again, I expect the internal pressure of the Small Pipe to be lower than the internal pressure of the Big Pipe, but this was never the case. I ran the simulation for different values of pipe surface area and hydraulic diameter for the two pipes, and kept the pipe length, internal surface roughness, and the laminar friction constants low to reduce the pressure loss due to friction. I also tried reducing the dynamic viscosity in the Gas Properties block, and disabling/enabling gas compressibility in the pipes.
In both models, I kept the rest of the settings and parameters as default (e.g., perfect gas with properties of dry air, daessc solver, etc.). The models are attached.
Am I doing something wrong, or are there any limitations and theoretical assumptions in Simscape Gas that do not allow replicating this effect?
Thanks in advance!I’m trying to create a minimal model in Simscape to replicate the Venturi effect in a Simscape Gas model: Gas is flowing from point A to point B, and the cross-sectional area of the duct at point A is smaller than B; as a result, the static pressure at A must be lower than B (assuming negligible energy loss from A to B).
I tried two different setups to replicate this. First, I used a "Local Restriction (G)" block (with a fixed restriction area), which has this orifice structure built in. The flow is provided by a Flow Rate Source block, and I added a Flow Resistance block downstream to allow the pressure at the port B of the Local Restriction to vary. Here is a screenshot of the model:
I expect that at least for some combination of restriction area and flow rate, the pressure at the restriction, p_R, must be lower than port B. I tried running the simulation with different values of flow rate and restriction area, but p_R was always higher than pressure at B.
Next, I used two consecutive Pipe (G) elements: the first one with a smaller surface area and hydraulic diameter, and the second with larger values for both. The rest of the setup is similar:
Again, I expect the internal pressure of the Small Pipe to be lower than the internal pressure of the Big Pipe, but this was never the case. I ran the simulation for different values of pipe surface area and hydraulic diameter for the two pipes, and kept the pipe length, internal surface roughness, and the laminar friction constants low to reduce the pressure loss due to friction. I also tried reducing the dynamic viscosity in the Gas Properties block, and disabling/enabling gas compressibility in the pipes.
In both models, I kept the rest of the settings and parameters as default (e.g., perfect gas with properties of dry air, daessc solver, etc.). The models are attached.
Am I doing something wrong, or are there any limitations and theoretical assumptions in Simscape Gas that do not allow replicating this effect?
Thanks in advance! I’m trying to create a minimal model in Simscape to replicate the Venturi effect in a Simscape Gas model: Gas is flowing from point A to point B, and the cross-sectional area of the duct at point A is smaller than B; as a result, the static pressure at A must be lower than B (assuming negligible energy loss from A to B).
I tried two different setups to replicate this. First, I used a "Local Restriction (G)" block (with a fixed restriction area), which has this orifice structure built in. The flow is provided by a Flow Rate Source block, and I added a Flow Resistance block downstream to allow the pressure at the port B of the Local Restriction to vary. Here is a screenshot of the model:
I expect that at least for some combination of restriction area and flow rate, the pressure at the restriction, p_R, must be lower than port B. I tried running the simulation with different values of flow rate and restriction area, but p_R was always higher than pressure at B.
Next, I used two consecutive Pipe (G) elements: the first one with a smaller surface area and hydraulic diameter, and the second with larger values for both. The rest of the setup is similar:
Again, I expect the internal pressure of the Small Pipe to be lower than the internal pressure of the Big Pipe, but this was never the case. I ran the simulation for different values of pipe surface area and hydraulic diameter for the two pipes, and kept the pipe length, internal surface roughness, and the laminar friction constants low to reduce the pressure loss due to friction. I also tried reducing the dynamic viscosity in the Gas Properties block, and disabling/enabling gas compressibility in the pipes.
In both models, I kept the rest of the settings and parameters as default (e.g., perfect gas with properties of dry air, daessc solver, etc.). The models are attached.
Am I doing something wrong, or are there any limitations and theoretical assumptions in Simscape Gas that do not allow replicating this effect?
Thanks in advance! simscape, gas, fluid dynamics, simulation MATLAB Answers — New Questions
imuSensor and Allan Variance
Hello everyone,
I am creating an IMU simulation using the built-in imuSensor model in MATLAB. The block includes several parameters that define IMU noise characteristics, but I do not fully understand how these parameters relate to Allan variance–derived noise coefficients.
Here is the list of gyroscope parameters available in
——————————————————————————————
gyroparams with properties:
MeasurementRange: Inf rad/s
Resolution: 0 (rad/s)/LSB
ConstantBias: [0 0 0] rad/s
AxesMisalignment: [3⨯3 double] %
NoiseDensity: [0 0 0] (rad/s)/√Hz
BiasInstability: [0 0 0] rad/s
RandomWalk: [0 0 0] (rad/s)*√Hz
NoiseType: "double-sided"
BiasInstabilityCoefficients: [1⨯1 struct]
TemperatureBias: [0 0 0] (rad/s)/°C
TemperatureScaleFactor: [0 0 0] %/°C
AccelerationBias: [0 0 0] (rad/s)/(m/s²)
——————————————————————————————
I have estimated my sensor noise parameters from Allan variance analysis, specifically:
ARW (N)
Bias Instability (B)
Rate Random Walk (K)
My goal is to correctly map these Allan variance parameters N, B, and K to the corresponding imuSensor block parameters:
NoiseDensity
BiasInstability
RandomWalk
I would appreciate clarification on how these quantities correspond mathematically and physically, and how to correctly convert Allan variance results into the parameters expected by MATLAB’s IMU sensor model.Hello everyone,
I am creating an IMU simulation using the built-in imuSensor model in MATLAB. The block includes several parameters that define IMU noise characteristics, but I do not fully understand how these parameters relate to Allan variance–derived noise coefficients.
Here is the list of gyroscope parameters available in
——————————————————————————————
gyroparams with properties:
MeasurementRange: Inf rad/s
Resolution: 0 (rad/s)/LSB
ConstantBias: [0 0 0] rad/s
AxesMisalignment: [3⨯3 double] %
NoiseDensity: [0 0 0] (rad/s)/√Hz
BiasInstability: [0 0 0] rad/s
RandomWalk: [0 0 0] (rad/s)*√Hz
NoiseType: "double-sided"
BiasInstabilityCoefficients: [1⨯1 struct]
TemperatureBias: [0 0 0] (rad/s)/°C
TemperatureScaleFactor: [0 0 0] %/°C
AccelerationBias: [0 0 0] (rad/s)/(m/s²)
——————————————————————————————
I have estimated my sensor noise parameters from Allan variance analysis, specifically:
ARW (N)
Bias Instability (B)
Rate Random Walk (K)
My goal is to correctly map these Allan variance parameters N, B, and K to the corresponding imuSensor block parameters:
NoiseDensity
BiasInstability
RandomWalk
I would appreciate clarification on how these quantities correspond mathematically and physically, and how to correctly convert Allan variance results into the parameters expected by MATLAB’s IMU sensor model. Hello everyone,
I am creating an IMU simulation using the built-in imuSensor model in MATLAB. The block includes several parameters that define IMU noise characteristics, but I do not fully understand how these parameters relate to Allan variance–derived noise coefficients.
Here is the list of gyroscope parameters available in
——————————————————————————————
gyroparams with properties:
MeasurementRange: Inf rad/s
Resolution: 0 (rad/s)/LSB
ConstantBias: [0 0 0] rad/s
AxesMisalignment: [3⨯3 double] %
NoiseDensity: [0 0 0] (rad/s)/√Hz
BiasInstability: [0 0 0] rad/s
RandomWalk: [0 0 0] (rad/s)*√Hz
NoiseType: "double-sided"
BiasInstabilityCoefficients: [1⨯1 struct]
TemperatureBias: [0 0 0] (rad/s)/°C
TemperatureScaleFactor: [0 0 0] %/°C
AccelerationBias: [0 0 0] (rad/s)/(m/s²)
——————————————————————————————
I have estimated my sensor noise parameters from Allan variance analysis, specifically:
ARW (N)
Bias Instability (B)
Rate Random Walk (K)
My goal is to correctly map these Allan variance parameters N, B, and K to the corresponding imuSensor block parameters:
NoiseDensity
BiasInstability
RandomWalk
I would appreciate clarification on how these quantities correspond mathematically and physically, and how to correctly convert Allan variance results into the parameters expected by MATLAB’s IMU sensor model. allan variance imu sensör MATLAB Answers — New Questions
SVC CONTROL(detailed model)
I can’t find how we choose the size of TCR and TSC in Static Var compensator example(detailed model)I can’t find how we choose the size of TCR and TSC in Static Var compensator example(detailed model) I can’t find how we choose the size of TCR and TSC in Static Var compensator example(detailed model) tsc, tcr MATLAB Answers — New Questions
How to Use Scoped Graph Permissions to Access SharePoint Files
Limit App Access to Specific Files and Folders in a SharePoint or OneDrive Site
Following on from the discussion about using RBAC for Applications to limit apps from being able to send email fromany Excange Online mailbox, let’s discuss how SharePoint Online and OneDrive for Business can limit app access to files and lists. In another article, I describe how to use the Sites.Selected permission to limit app access to sites. Being able to grant permission to apps to access specific sites is a fundamental control similar to the mailbox-level control exerted by RBAC for Applications.
More so than mailboxes, SharePoint Online sites can store confidential information in files and lists, and SharePoint has always offered the ability to restrict access at the item or file level. As we’ll discover, tenants can employ much the same technique to create a delegated scope to limit app access to individual lists, list items, and files. Some practical examples always help, and that’s what’s covered in this primer.
Graph Permissions for Granular Access to SharePoint Content
A set of Graph permissions to limit access to SharePoint and OneDrive information is at the heart of the discussion. The previous article describes how to use the Sites.Selected permission, The focus now switches to three Graph delegated scoped permissions to control app access with different scopes within a site. They are delegated by an administrator to an app, and they are scoped to specific files, lists, or list items. The permissions are:
- Files.SelectedOperations.Selected: Manage app access to files or folders within a document library. Access granted to a folder allows access to all files within the folder.
- Lists.SelectedOperations.Selected: Manage app access for a list.
- ListItems.SelectedOperations.Selected: Manage app access for more or more list items.
At a technical level, document libraries are lists and files are items within those lists. Other lists store different kinds of data, not all of which are files, and that’s why separate permissions exist for files and list items.
Three-Steps to Scoped Access
Creating a delegated scope to allow app-only access to specific resources requires three steps:
- Assign the required Graph permission to the app. Figure 1 shows an app registration with consent to use the four limited scope permissions. Having consent for the Graph permissions doesn’t matter because the permissions are useless without scoped access being granted to files, lists, or list items. Consent is for application permissions to allow app-only access to files and folders. Delegated scoped permissions are also supported for interactive sessions.
- Grant access to the app by creating an entry in the permissions endpoint for the target resource.
- Authenticate the app with Entra ID and make sure that the access token contains the correct Graph permission.
I use cmdlets from V2.35.1 of the Microsoft Graph PowerShell SDK in the following examples.
Adding Scoped Access to Files and Folders in a Selected Site
The New-MgDriveItemPermission cmdlet adds a scoped permission to a drive item (file or folder). In this example, we’ll limit access to the Critical Info folder. To add the scoped permission, we need to know the identifiers for the drive (document library) and drive item (folder). Using an interactive session with consent for Sites.FullControl.All permission and holding the SharePoint administrator role allows us to access the data and fetch the identifiers. This code:
- Gets the default document library.
- Gets items in the root folder.
- Extracts details of the Critical Info folder.
# Find default document library
$DefaultDocumentLibrary = Get-MgSiteDrive -All -SiteId $SiteId | Where-Object {$_.Name -eq 'Documents'}
# Get items in the root folder
[array]$Data = Get-MgDriveItemChild -DriveId $DefaultDocumentLibrary.Id -DriveItemId "root" -All
# Find the target folder to gramt permission for
[array]$Folders = $Data | Where-Object {$_.folder.childcount -gt 0} | Sort-Object Name
$CriticalFolder = $Folders | Where-Object {$_.Name -eq "Critical Info"}
# Just to test, see what files are in the folder
[array]$CriticalFolderFiles = Get-MgDriveItemChild -DriveId $DefaultDocumentLibrary.Id -DriveItemId $CriticalFolder.Id -All
The identifier for the app that will access the folder is also needed. Once that information is secured, we can create the request body to use with the New-MgDriveItemPermission cmdlet to add the scoped permission:
# Get application identifier
$AppId = (Get-MgApplication -Filter "displayName eq 'SharePoint Limited Access app'").AppId
# Define role to assign
$Role = "write"
# Create request body to request role for the application
$Requestbody = @{
roles = @($Role)
grantedTo = @{
application = @{
id = $AppId
}
}
}
# Attempt to add the permission
$Status = New-MgDriveItemPermission -DriveId $DefaultDocumentLibrary.Id -DriveItemId $CriticalFolder.Id -BodyParameter $RequestBody
If ($Status) {
Write-Host ("{0} permission granted for {1}" -f $Role, $CriticalFolder.Name)
}
Repeat the process to add permissions for as many folders or individual files as required. A difference in the request bodies used to assign permissions for use with Sites.Selected and Files.SelectedOperations.Selected is that the file permission uses the older grantedTo property as its assignment target while the site permission uses the newer grantedToIdentitiesV2 property. Microsoft is moving away from grantedTo to grantedToIdentitiesV2 for permission assignments, so this might change in time.
After the permission is granted, the app can navigate to the folder and work with the items in the folder using the same commands to find the document library and target folder as shown above. The app doesn’t have the Graph permission to search for the target site, so this value might have to be hard coded. The app cannot see any other document libraries in the site or any other folders in the document library. SharePoint masks this information from the app when it returns data in response to app requests.
Granular App Access to Files and Folders
The Files.SelectedOperations.Selected permission is an effective method of granting granular access to files and folders in a SharePoint Online or OneDrive for Business document library. For more information about using delegated scopes, see the Microsoft documentation. This script shows how to retrieve document libraries, files, and folders to create a report of SharePoint Online files. It might help you understand how to navigate site contents.
Insight like this doesn’t come easily. You’ve got to know the technology and understand how to look behind the scenes. Benefit from the knowledge and experience of the Office 365 for IT Pros team by subscribing to the best eBook covering Office 365 and the wider Microsoft 365 ecosystem.
The Display block and Scope block of Simulink did not work when running external mode to tuning
As the title, I am trying to use external mode to model the PMSM board (STM32H7) to tune, I used the display block or scope but it is not working.
The image is attached below, as you see, when the switch changed between 0 and 1, the display block was always 0 while the system was working normally.
I know in external mode, we could use the data inspecter or logic analyzer which is of the tool, but it is inconvenient.
Therefore, I really would like to know how to config the MATLAB/Simulink to use these block in external mode. (I tried some ways but not work)
I use the 2024b version.
Thank you in advance for any help you can provide.
Best regards,
Raven PhamAs the title, I am trying to use external mode to model the PMSM board (STM32H7) to tune, I used the display block or scope but it is not working.
The image is attached below, as you see, when the switch changed between 0 and 1, the display block was always 0 while the system was working normally.
I know in external mode, we could use the data inspecter or logic analyzer which is of the tool, but it is inconvenient.
Therefore, I really would like to know how to config the MATLAB/Simulink to use these block in external mode. (I tried some ways but not work)
I use the 2024b version.
Thank you in advance for any help you can provide.
Best regards,
Raven Pham As the title, I am trying to use external mode to model the PMSM board (STM32H7) to tune, I used the display block or scope but it is not working.
The image is attached below, as you see, when the switch changed between 0 and 1, the display block was always 0 while the system was working normally.
I know in external mode, we could use the data inspecter or logic analyzer which is of the tool, but it is inconvenient.
Therefore, I really would like to know how to config the MATLAB/Simulink to use these block in external mode. (I tried some ways but not work)
I use the 2024b version.
Thank you in advance for any help you can provide.
Best regards,
Raven Pham simulink, external mode, scope block MATLAB Answers — New Questions
Latency check for the simulink model.
Hello,I have created a simulink model and want to check individual blocks latency in the simulink.Some one please suggest me what is the best way to check the latency of the individual blocks and also check latency of complete model.Hello,I have created a simulink model and want to check individual blocks latency in the simulink.Some one please suggest me what is the best way to check the latency of the individual blocks and also check latency of complete model. Hello,I have created a simulink model and want to check individual blocks latency in the simulink.Some one please suggest me what is the best way to check the latency of the individual blocks and also check latency of complete model. simulink latency, block latency MATLAB Answers — New Questions
mcb_ee_pmsm_foc.slx is not getting executed ,i am getting error Could not open source package
not workingnot working not working not working MATLAB Answers — New Questions
Negative torque pump: Pressure at port A must be greater than or equal to Minimum valid pressure.
Hello everyone,
I am working on a hydraulic circuit that is driven by a motor operated by a Frequency Drive(VFD). (to simpify the model and avoid sharing confidential data, I used Test sequence with a negative torque output to simulate the VFD output) The motor control of the VFD creates some oscillations reaching negative torque values in the generated motor torque resulting in errors of the fixed displacement pump and pipe, eventually stopping the simulation.
Error:An error occurred during simulation and the simulation was terminated
Caused by:
[‘HydraulicCircuit/Solver Configuration’]: At time 3.500000, one or more assertions are triggered. See causes for specific information.
Pressure at port B must be greater than or equal to Minimum valid pressure. The assertion comes from:
Block path: HydraulicCircuit/Fixed-Displacement Pump (TL)
Assert location:
o (location information is protected)
Pressure at port A must be greater than or equal to Minimum valid pressure. The assertion comes from:
Block path: HydraulicCircuit/Pipe (TL)
Assert location:
o (location information is protected)
o (location information is protected)
I am looking for a way to make the hydraulic circuit resistant to these sudden pressure drops as they will certainly occur due to PID regulator settings of the VFD.Hello everyone,
I am working on a hydraulic circuit that is driven by a motor operated by a Frequency Drive(VFD). (to simpify the model and avoid sharing confidential data, I used Test sequence with a negative torque output to simulate the VFD output) The motor control of the VFD creates some oscillations reaching negative torque values in the generated motor torque resulting in errors of the fixed displacement pump and pipe, eventually stopping the simulation.
Error:An error occurred during simulation and the simulation was terminated
Caused by:
[‘HydraulicCircuit/Solver Configuration’]: At time 3.500000, one or more assertions are triggered. See causes for specific information.
Pressure at port B must be greater than or equal to Minimum valid pressure. The assertion comes from:
Block path: HydraulicCircuit/Fixed-Displacement Pump (TL)
Assert location:
o (location information is protected)
Pressure at port A must be greater than or equal to Minimum valid pressure. The assertion comes from:
Block path: HydraulicCircuit/Pipe (TL)
Assert location:
o (location information is protected)
o (location information is protected)
I am looking for a way to make the hydraulic circuit resistant to these sudden pressure drops as they will certainly occur due to PID regulator settings of the VFD. Hello everyone,
I am working on a hydraulic circuit that is driven by a motor operated by a Frequency Drive(VFD). (to simpify the model and avoid sharing confidential data, I used Test sequence with a negative torque output to simulate the VFD output) The motor control of the VFD creates some oscillations reaching negative torque values in the generated motor torque resulting in errors of the fixed displacement pump and pipe, eventually stopping the simulation.
Error:An error occurred during simulation and the simulation was terminated
Caused by:
[‘HydraulicCircuit/Solver Configuration’]: At time 3.500000, one or more assertions are triggered. See causes for specific information.
Pressure at port B must be greater than or equal to Minimum valid pressure. The assertion comes from:
Block path: HydraulicCircuit/Fixed-Displacement Pump (TL)
Assert location:
o (location information is protected)
Pressure at port A must be greater than or equal to Minimum valid pressure. The assertion comes from:
Block path: HydraulicCircuit/Pipe (TL)
Assert location:
o (location information is protected)
o (location information is protected)
I am looking for a way to make the hydraulic circuit resistant to these sudden pressure drops as they will certainly occur due to PID regulator settings of the VFD. hydraulic_system, thermal_liquid MATLAB Answers — New Questions
2FSK example Simulink model to 4FSK
Hi,
I used the 2FSK example Simulink model, changed the M‑ary value to 4, and tested it on the ADALM‑PLUTO transmitter with a sample rate of 32 MHz. However, in the spectrum, I am seeing continuous harmonics. What are the recommended values for samples per symbol (SPS), samples per frame (SFS), and frequency separation?Hi,
I used the 2FSK example Simulink model, changed the M‑ary value to 4, and tested it on the ADALM‑PLUTO transmitter with a sample rate of 32 MHz. However, in the spectrum, I am seeing continuous harmonics. What are the recommended values for samples per symbol (SPS), samples per frame (SFS), and frequency separation? Hi,
I used the 2FSK example Simulink model, changed the M‑ary value to 4, and tested it on the ADALM‑PLUTO transmitter with a sample rate of 32 MHz. However, in the spectrum, I am seeing continuous harmonics. What are the recommended values for samples per symbol (SPS), samples per frame (SFS), and frequency separation? fsk, adalm-pluto MATLAB Answers — New Questions
